In a large bowl, using a stand or a hand mixer, beat the butter, sugar, and light brown sugar together until creamy and lightened in color.
Add the eggs, one at a time. Add the vanilla extract and buttermilk, and mix to combine.
In a second large bowl, combine the flour, baking powder, baking soda, and salt.
Add the wet ingredients to the bowl containing the dry ingredients, and mix until just combined, being careful not to over-mix the cake batter.
Carefully spoon the cake batter over the bananas. Using an offset spatula or the back of a spoon, gently spread the batter, covering the fruit.
Set an empty baking sheet on the bottom of the oven, or on a rack directly underneath where you will bake cake, to catch any foster sauce that may drip during baking.
Bake the cake in the center of the oven for 30 to 40 minutes, or until a toothpick inserted into the center-bottom, near the bananas, comes out clean.
Remove the cake from the oven and let the cake cool in the pan for 10 minutes.
Use an offset spatula to ensure the sides of the cake are free from the pan. Place an upside-down plate or platter, large enough to hold the cake, on top of the cake pan. Carefully invert the cake onto the plate/platter to show off the caramelized bananas underneath.
Let the cake cool for about 20 minutes before slicing and serving.